IPM : Publications : Insect Management & Insecticide Evaluations, Illinois 2000

Insect Management & Insecticide Evaluations, Illinois 2000
Field, Forage, Fruits & Vegetable Crops

Efficacy of Soil Insecticides for the Control of Grape Colaspis, White Grubs, and Wireworms, in Field Corn in Menard County, Illinois, 2000
John T. Shaw, Michael E. Gray, and Kevin Steffey

Summary

Grape colaspis larvae and white grubs were numerous at this experimental site. Wireworms were far less abundant. Although numerical differences in grape colaspis larvae were noted among the treatments, none of the insecticides were statistically different from the control. The number of white grubs per trench was reduced significantly by several compounds including the following: Capture 2EC, Force 3G (band), EX-1 seed treatment, EX-2 seed treatment, Counter 20CR, Aztec 2.1BD, Maxim XL 2.7FS seed treatment, Regent 4SC, Lorsban 15G (1.9 lb. (AI/acre), Fortress 5G (furrow), and the ProShield seed treatment. The number of live plants per trench did not differ among most insecticide treatments. By June 28, plant height in the insecticide plots did not differ statistically from the control plots. Overall, soil insecticide performance in this trial was generally poor for grape colaspis and marginal for white grubs. Adequate wireworm pressure was lacking

Plot Information and Methods

Cooperator and Location	Plots were established on the farm of Mr. Bob Winkelman near Petersburg in Menard County, Illinois.
Plot Size	Each insecticide treatment was applied to a single row (30-ft long) in each of four replicates.
Experimental Design	A randomized complete block with four replications was utilized as the experimental design. Two untreated control plots were included within each replication. Data collected from the untreated control plots were averaged for the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Planting Dates and Agronomic Factors	See Table 2.1.
Pre-treatment Population	In 1999, sticky-trap (Pherocon AM traps) counts (July 14, 1999) revealed that grape colaspis adults were abundant at this experimental site. Soil core samples also were taken on February 29, 2000, to further ascertain the presence of grape colaspis larvae. Multiple larval instars were found on this date reflecting a considerable range of maturity. No attempt was made to determine the number of larvae per sampling unit.
Method of Application for Granules at Planting Time	Granular insecticides were applied at planting and metered through computer controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or NobleŽ units mounted on each row of an ALMACOŽ four-row precision planter. Insecticides were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. All rates are specified as lb. (AI)/acre based on a 30-in row spacing.
Method of Application for Liquids at Planting Time	Regent 4SC and Force WF2829 30CS were delivered in-furrow at planting through microtubes calibrated to deliver 2.1 gpa at 30 psi at a speed of 3.0 mph. Capture 2EC, Force WF2829 30CS, and Warrior T 1CS were applied through a single 8003 (flat fan) nozzle in-furrow or as a band and calibrated to deliver 4.9 gpa at 21 psi at a speed of 3.0 mph.
Seed Treatments	All seed treatments were applied to NK 58D-1 seed by the respective company. This same seed variety was utilized for all granular and liquid treatments.
Post-Treatment Evaluations	On May 24 and 25, insect abundance was estimated by removing a trench of soil 1 meter (length) X 10 centimeters (width) X 10 centimeters (depth) and counting the number of insects found. The number of live plants, grape colaspis larvae, white grubs, and wireworms were determined for each trench. Plants were in the V2 to V3 leaf stage (Ritchie et al. 1993). Plant heights were measured on June 14 and 28 (Table 2.3).
Phytotoxicity	Symptoms of phytotoxicity were not observed for any of the insecticide treatments.
Statistical Analysis	Data were analyzed with the Agriculture Research Manager (ARM) version 6.1.6, from Gylling Data Management, Inc.(GDM). Means were separated by Duncan's New MRT test (P=0.05).
Results and Discussion
Grape colaspis larvae and white grubs were numerous at this experimental site (Table 2.2). Wireworms were far less abundant and little useful information was obtained regarding the efficacy of insecticide treatments for this insect pest. Although numerical differences in grape colaspis larvae were noted among the treatments, none of the insecticides were statistically different from the control. This illustrates the highly variable nature of these data. The number of white grubs per trench was reduced significantly by several compounds including the following: Capture 2EC, Force 3G (band), EX-1 seed treatment, EX-2 seed treatment, Counter 20CR, Aztec 2.1BD, Maxim XL 2.7FS seed treatment, Regent 4SC, Lorsban 15G (1.9 lb AI/acre), Fortress 5G (furrow), and the ProShield seed treatment. The number of live plants per trench did not differ among most insecticide treatments (Table 2.3). However, significantly more plants per trench were found in plots treated with Regent 4SC compared with control plots. Conversely, significantly fewer plants were found in plots treated with a band application of Lorsban 15G (1.3 lb AI/acre) compared with the control. On June 14, differences in plant height were minimal among most treatments; however, plants were significantly taller in the Warrior T 1CS treatment compared with the control. By June 28, plant height in the insecticide plots did not differ statistically from the control plots. Overall, soil insecticide performance in this trial was generally poor for grape colaspis and marginal for white grubs. Adequate wireworm pressure was lacking.
References Cited	Ritchie, S.W., J. J. Hanway, and G.O. Benson. 1993. How a corn plant develops. Special Report No. 48, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Cooperative Extension Service, Ames

Table 2.1 Agronomic factors and evaluation dates for the grape colaspis efficacy trial in Menard, County, Illinois, 2000.

Variables		Menard County
Planting date		May 3, 2000
Hybrid		NK58 D-1
Plant population		28,500 seeds per acre
Row spacing		30 in
Soil condition (top 2-3 inches)		Moist-dry
Soil temperature (4-inch level)		59°F
Air temperature		74°F
Wind		0-3 mph
Previous crop		Soybeans
Soil insecticides		None
Fall tillage		Disc
Spring tillage		Disc
Evaluation dates:
	Stand counts	May 24-25
	Plant height	June 14 and 28

Table 2.2 Mean number of grape colaspis, grubs and wireworms in one meter of row for the grape colaspis efficacy trial, Menard County, Illinois, 2000

Treatment	Rate¹	Placement	Number of live larvae²
Treatment	Rate¹	Placement	Grape Colapsis		Grubs		Wireworms
Capture 2EC	0.040	Furrow	9.00	b	1.50	bc	0.00	a
Capture 2EC	0.080	Furrow	6.50	b	1.75	bc	0.00	a
Force 3G	0.150	Furrow	6.25	b	4.50	abc	0.00	a
Force 3G	0.130	Band	9.25	b	2.75	bc	0.25	a
EX-1		seed treatment	8.25	b	1.50	bc	0.50	a
EX-2		seed treatment	7.50	b	2.00	bc	0.00	a
Gaucho	0.500	seed treatment	8.25	b	3.00	abc	0.25	a
Counter 20CR	1.300	Band	6.75	b	2.25	bc	0.00	a
Counter 20CR	1.300	Furrow	3.50	b	1.75	bc	0.25	a
Aztec 2.1BD	0.150	Band	4.00	b	2.25	bc	0.00	a
Maxim XL 2.7FS	0.060	seed treatment	3.75	b	1.50	bc	0.00	a
Maxim XL 2.7FS + Adage 5FS	0.060 0.800	seed treatment	20.75	a	4.25	abc	0.50	a
Maxim XL 2.7FS + Kernel Guard Supreme	0.060	seed treatment	7.50	b	5.25	ab	0.00	a
Regent 4SC	0.130	Microtube	6.25	b	2.50	bc	0.25	a
Force 2829 30CS	0.120	Microtube	2.75	b	3.25	abc	0.00	a
Force 2829 30CS	0.120	Band	12.25	ab	3.50	abc	0.25	a
Warrior T 1CS	0.030	Band	10.75	b	4.25	abc	0.00	a
Lorsban 15G	1.300	Band	7.25	b	3.25	abc	0.25	a
Lorsban 15G	1.900	Band	5.00	b	1.75	bc	0.25	a
Fortress 5G	0.160	Furrow	3.25	b	0.50	c	0.25	a
Gaucho	1.300	seed treatment	10.00	b	3.00	abc	0.25	a
ProShield		seed treatment	8.50	b	1.25	bc	0.00	a
Control			12.50	ab	6.75	a	0.38	a
¹ Rates are specified as lb (AI)/acre, except for seed treatments which are expressed as mg/seed. ² Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05; Duncan's New MRT).

Table 2.3 Number of live plants in one meter of row, and mean plant heights for two dates for the grape colaspis efficacy trial, Menard County, Illinois, 2000

Treatment	Rate¹	Placement	Number of live plants²		Plant height (cm)²
Treatment	Rate¹	Placement	Number of live plants²		6/14/2000		6/28/2000
Capture 2EC	0.040	Furrow	5.00	abc	56.38	b	123.19	abc
Capture 2EC	0.080	Furrow	4.00	bcd	61.17	ab	127.21	abc
Force 3G	0.150	Furrow	5.25	abc	62.03	ab	128.27	abc
Force 3G	0.130	Band	4.25	bcd	63.25	ab	123.40	abc
EX-1		seed treatment	4.25	bcd	71.72	ab	134.62	ab
EX-2		seed treatment	5.50	abc	68.57	ab	132.08	ab
Gaucho	0.500	seed treatment	5.25	abc	57.97	b	123.19	abc
Counter 20CR	1.300	Band	6.00	abc	57.67	b	119.59	abc
Counter 20CR	1.300	Furrow	3.50	cd	68.90	ab	134.83	ab
Aztec 2.1BD	0.150	Band	6.25	abc	61.70	ab	121.07	abc
Maxim XL 2.7FS	0.060	seed treatment	4.25	bcd	62.35	ab	133.35	ab
Maxim XL 2.7FS + Adage 5FS	0.060 0.800	seed treatment	7.25	ab	62.53	ab	126.79	abc
Maxim XL 2.7FS + Kernel Guard Supreme	0.060	seed treatment	4.00	bcd	57.73	b	125.94	abc
Regent 4SC	0.130	Microtube	8.00	a	57.72	b	125.09	abc
Force 2829 30CS	0.120	Microtube	5.75	abc	61.98	ab	131.23	abc
Force 2829 30CS	0.120	Band	7.00	ab	73.00	ab	125.94	abc
Warrior T 1CS	0.030	Band	5.50	abc	75.10	a	131.23	abc
Lorsban 15G	1.300	Band	1.50	d	58.13	b	119.17	bc
Lorsban 15G	1.900	Band	5.00	abc	57.08	b	114.30	c
Fortress 5G	0.160	Furrow	5.00	abc	66.78	ab	136.95	a
Gaucho	1.300	seed treatment	4.75	bc	63.22	ab	127.42	abc
ProShield		seed treatment	6.25	abc	61.25	ab	122.77	abc
Control			4.13	bcd	56.87	b	123.93	abc
¹ Rates are specified as lb (AI)/acre, except for seed treatments which are expressed as mg/seed. ² Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05; Duncan's New MRT).

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Insect Management & Insecticide Evaluations, Illinois 2000 Field, Forage, Fruits & Vegetable Crops

Insect Management & Insecticide Evaluations, Illinois 2000
Field, Forage, Fruits & Vegetable Crops